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A tent is erected near the scene of an attack in Woolwich southeast London Wednesday, May, 22, 2013. British officials said one person has died and at least two people have been wounded in an attack in southeast London. Scotland Yard said officers responded to reports of an assault Wednesday afternoon in the London neighbourhood of Woolwich. London Ambulance service said one man was found dead at the scene and two other men were taken to the hospital, with one in serious condition. (AP Photo/Alastair Grant)

Artillery Place road is closed in Woolwich southeast London near the scene where British officials said one person has died and at least two people have been wounded in an attack on Wednesday May 22, 2013. (AP Photo/Nick Ansell/PA) UNITED KINGDOM OUT

Police close the road on Artillery Place, Woolwich southeast London near the scene where British officials said one person has died and at least two people have been wounded in an attack on Wednesday May 22, 2013. (AP Photo/Nick Ansell/PA) UNITED KINGDOM OUT

Police cordon off the scene of an attack which has left one man confirmed dead and two people wounded near Woolwich barracks in London Wednesday, May, 22, 2013. Scotland Yard said officers responded to reports of an assault Wednesday afternoon in the London neighbourhood of Woolwich. London Ambulance service said one man was found dead at the scene and two other men were taken to the hospital, with one in serious condition.(AP Photo/Alastair Grant)

LONDON (AP) ? In a brutal daylight attack which raised fears that terrorism had returned to London, two men with butcher knives hacked another man to death near a military barracks Wednesday before police wounded them in a shootout.

In a shocking video broadcast on British TV, one man gestured with bloodied hands, waving a butcher knife in the air and shouting political statements against the British government as pedestrians milled about a body lying motionless on the street. Bloodstains coated the street.

British officials said the attack appeared to be an act of terrorism, possibly motivated by radical Islam.

The two suspects remained hospitalized on Wednesday night but their identities and that of their victim were not known. One of them was reported to be in serious condition.

The afternoon attack occurred in the southeast London neighborhood of Woolwich, just a few blocks from the Royal Artillery Barracks.

In Paris, French President Francois Hollande, speaking at a press conference with British Prime Minister David Cameron, said the slain man was a British soldier. Cameron didn't immediately confirm that fact but the Britain's Ministry of Defense said it was urgently investigating if a U.K. soldier was involved.

Cameron said there were "strong indications" it was a terrorist incident.

"We have suffered these attacks before, we have always beaten them back," Cameron said. "We will not be cowed, we will never buckle."

One British broadcaster ran video footage of what appeared to be one of the attackers, his hands covered in blood, making political statements about "an eye for an eye" to an unknown cameraperson as a body lay behind him on the ground.

There was no immediate way for the Associated Press to verify who the cameraman was.

The footage ? obtained by ITV news ? showed a man in a dark jacket and knit cap walking toward a camera, clutching a meat cleaver and a knife in what appear to be bloodied hands. With a British accent, he apologized in English for the women passers-by who "have had to witness this" attack, saying that "in our land our women have to see the same."

He gave no indication what that land was.

"We must fight them as they fight us," the man told the camera as people milled around behind him. The camera then panned away to show a body behind the man.

The Associated Press examined the footage to verify its authenticity. The AP cross-referenced images from the scene, aerial shots, the location of a car behind the alleged attacker and appearance of a body and car in the background of the image.

The British Cabinet's emergency committee immediately called a meeting and the prime minister's office said security was stepped up at barracks across London. Cameron cut short his Paris trip to return to London and his office said he would chair another emergency committee meeting Thursday.

The barracks ? which house a number of the King's Troop Royal Horse Artillery and independent companies of the Grenadier and Coldstream Guards ? were the site of shooting events during the 2012 London Olympics.

Fred Oyat, a 44-year-old who lives in a high-rise near where the attack occurred, said he heard four gun shots and then went straight to the window.

"I saw one man lying there bleeding, another lying on the pavement being disarmed. A policeman was pointing a gun at him. A third man was lying further up the street ... he was bleeding profusely," Oyat said. "There were four knives on the ground ? big kitchen knives. The knives were very bloody."

David Dixon, head teacher of a nearby primary school, saw a body lying in the road outside and said police told him there was a serious incident. He told the BBC he then made sure students were inside and put the school into a lockdown mode. He said he then heard shots fired.

The Independent Police Complaints Commission, which is called in when officers are involved in shootings, confirmed that it is investigating the attack.

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/3d281c11a96b4ad082fe88aa0db04305/Article_2013-05-22-Britain-Attack/id-0bcbab260ce547c781c05cbe48a191d8

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When the president of Myanmar (Burma), Thein Sein, meets with President Obama at the White House today, he will undoubtedly stress how his government has taken steps toward democratic reform. Indeed, in recent years, Myanmar has released hundreds of religious and political prisoners. It has eased Internet and media controls. It has held limited parliamentary elections.

But recent applause for reforms obscures a dark underbelly of sectarian violence and ethnic discrimination, fueling human-rights atrocities and religious-freedom abuses, which threaten to tear the country asunder. These are the conclusions that the US Commission on International Religious Freedom, on which we serve, documented in its 2013 Annual Report released on April 30.

In his meeting with Mr. Thein Sein, Mr. Obama can emphasize Washington?s commitment to Myanmar?s progress, while stressing the imperative of countering discrimination and violence against ethnic minority Muslims and Christians. Such violations of human rights threaten to strangle reform in its cradle and religious freedom along with it.

OPINION: Obama and Myanmar (Burma): 4 points about conflict there

Few suffer like the Rohingya Muslims, one of the world?s most persecuted people. Denied citizenship and discriminated against at every turn, they face continued violence in the country?s western Rakhine (Arakan) state. This violence is often instigated by monks and perpetrated by mobs and local militias, including police.

Based on sources within and outside of Myanmar, our report confirms that over the past year, attackers have torched villages and killed more than 1,000 civilians, while driving more than 100,000 into squalid refugee camps where they are routinely denied adequate food, medical aid, and shelter from the oncoming monsoons. Women have reportedly been raped and used as sex slaves by the military and local militias and police have blocked aid to the destitute.

Christians, particularly the Kachin and Chin ethnic minorities, have also endured severe religious freedom abuses and societal discrimination, including restrictions on building houses of worship, destruction of religious venues and artifacts, bans on certain religious ceremonies, and efforts to press their children to embrace Buddhism. In renewed violence in Kachin state in January, the military targeted Christians for rape and forced labor through kidnapping.

Indeed, across the country, the government has failed to halt the military?s depredations or hold individuals accountable for sectarian violence. It also continues to censor religious publications and ban the importing of Bibles and Qurans in indigenous languages.

The United States remains deeply invested in reform in Myanmar. But Washington?s involvement can be more than providing economic and political aid to Myanmar?s government. It can steer aid away from former military leaders and their supporters. It can prioritize efforts to build up ethnic minority regions, promote tolerance, and support those working for a free, multi-ethnic country.

Washington surely can provide the country with benchmarks for progress. These should include the release of all prisoners of conscience. Also critical is an immediate ceasefire in the military?s fight against ethnic minorities, a citizenship solution for Rohingya Muslims, and an end to discriminatory policies against Muslims and Christians. With those steps must come accountability for their attackers as well. And Myanmar must also ensure that substantial humanitarian aid reaches the Rohingya and other Muslims.

Finally, Washington can push Myanmar to make a commitment to hold free and fair elections in 2015.

Myanmar should know that the US and the world community are committed to helping its transition from being one of the world?s most tyrannical military regimes to joining the community of democracies. Myanmar has taken vital steps toward reform, but only if it acts decisively against ethnic and religious violence can it avoid a descent into a chaos that no generous aid packages can forestall.

Due to the continued violence targeting religious and ethnic minorities, our organization, the US Commission on International Religious Freedom, recommends that the US maintain Myanmar?s status as a ?country of particular concern,? as an egregious abuser of religious freedom and related rights. And the US should be prepared to re-impose already-lifted sanctions against Myanmar if conditions fail to improve.

In the end, as Americans, we must not limit our view of Myanmar to the smiling and serene Nobel Prize Laureate Aung San Suu Kyi. We should also recognize the appalling mistreatment of its religious and ethnic minorities, especially during the past year.

We should acknowledge the Rohingya Muslims who were slaughtered last July and October, the women raped, and the Protestant churches destroyed in Kachin state in January. We should not lose sight of the burning and killing of more Muslims in the cities of Meikhtila, Bago, and Yangon this March.

We should contrast the photos of brave Buddhist monks protesting a dictatorial military in 2007 with the reports of many monks preaching hatred and wielding the sword against Muslims today.

We must let Myanmar know that we see this fuller, more troubled picture and where it is heading.

OPINION: Obama and Myanmar (Burma): 4 points about conflict there

And we must be fully prepared to back our concerns with tough action if Mr. Thein Sein?s government fails to follow through and protect human life, strengthen human rights, and secure religious freedom.

Rev. William Shaw serves as vice chair of the US Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF). M. Zuhdi Jasser is a USCIRF commissioner and Azizah al-Hibri is professor emerita of the University of Richmond School of Law and a former USCIRF commissioner.

Findings suggest that blood-brain barrier integrity suffers days after ischemic stroke, leading to serious complications; repair of this protective barrier might prevent them

Tampa, FL (May 20, 2013) -- While the effects of acute stroke have been widely studied, brain damage during the subacute phase of stroke has been a neglected area of research. Now, a new study by the University of South Florida reports that within a week of a stroke caused by a blood clot in one side of the brain, the opposite side of the brain shows signs of microvascular injury.

Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States, and increases the risk for dementia.

"Approximately 80 percent of strokes are ischemic strokes, in which the blood supply to the brain is restricted, causing a shortage of oxygen," said study lead author Svitlana Garbuzova-Davis, PhD, associate professor in the USF Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair. "Minutes after ischemic stroke, there are serious effects within the brain at both the molecular and cellular levels. One understudied aspect has been the effect of ischemic stroke on the competence of the blood-brain barrier and subsequent related events in remote brain areas."

Using a rat model, researchers at USF Health investigated the subacute phase of ischemic stroke and found deficits in the microvascular integrity in the brain hemisphere opposite to where the initial stroke injury occured.

The study was published in the May 10, 2013 issue of PLOS One.

The USF team found that "diachisis," a term used to describe certain brain deficits remote from primary insult, can occur during the subacute phase of ischemic stroke. The research discovered diachisis is closely related to a breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, which separates circulating blood from brain tissue.

In the subacute phase of an ischemic stroke, when the stroke-induced disturbances in the brain occur in remote brain microvessels, several areas of the brain are affected by a variety of injuries, including neuronal swelling and diminished myelin in brain structures. The researchers suggest that recognizing the significance of microvascular damage could make the blood-brain barrier (BBB) a therapeutic "target" for future neuroprotective strategies for stroke patients.

The mechanisms of BBB permeability at different phases of stroke are poorly understood. While there have been investigations of BBB integrity and processes in ischemic stroke, the researchers said, most examinations have been limited to the phase immediately after stroke, known as acute stroke. Their interest was in determining microvascular integrity in the brain hemisphere opposite to an initial stroke injury at the subacute phase.

Accordingly, this study using rats with surgically-simulated strokes was designed to investigate the effect of ischemic stroke on the BBB in the subacute phase, and the effects of a compromised BBB upon various brain regions, some distant from the stroke site.

"The aim of this study was to characterize subacute diachisis in rats modeled with ischemic stroke," said co-author Cesar Borlongan, PhD, professor and vice chairman for research in the Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair and director of the USF Center for Aging and Brain Repair. "Our specific focus was on analyzing the condition of the BBB and the processes in the areas of the brain not directly affected by ischemia. BBB competence in subacute diachisis is uncertain and needed to be studied."

Their findings suggest that damage to the BBB, and subsequent vascular leakage as the BBB becomes more permeable, plays a major role in subacute diachisis.

The increasing BBB permeability hours after the simulated stroke, and finding that the BBB "remained open" seven days post-stroke, were significant findings, said Dr. Garbuzova-Davis, who is also a researcher in USF Center for Aging and Brain Repair. "Since increased BBB permeability is often associated with brain swelling, BBB leakage may be a serious and life-threatening complication of ischemic stroke."

Another significant aspect was the finding that autophagy -- a mechanism involving cell degradation of unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular components --plays a role in the subacute phase of ischemia. Study results showed that accumulation of numerous autophagosomes within endothelial cells in microvessels of both initially damaged and non-injured brain areas might be closely associated with BBB damage.

Autophagy is a complex but normal process usually aimed at "self-removing" damaged cell components to promote cell survival. It was unclear, however, whether the role of autophagy in subacute post-ischemia was promoting cell survival or cell death.

More than 30 percent of patients who survive strokes develop dementia within two years, the researchers noted.

"Although dementia is complex, vascular damage in post-stroke patients is a significant risk factor, depending on the severity, volume and site of the stroke," said study co-author Dr. Paul Sanberg, USF senior vice president for research and innovation. "Ischemic stroke might initiate neurodegenerative dementia, particularly in the aging population."

The researchers conclude that repair of the BBB following ischemic stroke could potentially prevent further degradation of surviving neurons.

"Recognizing that the BBB is a therapeutic target is important for developing neuroprotective strategies," they said.

###

In addition to researchers from USF, researchers from the Ribeirao Preto School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, contributed to the study.

The study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (1RO1NS071956-01A1) and the James and Esther King Biomedical Research Program (1KG01-33966).

The Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair has strong and ongoing commitments to neurosurgical education both at the residency and fellowship level and also to providing ongoing educational efforts for practicing physicians. Multiple avenues of research under investigation in the department include conducting clinical research in the fields of complex spinal disorders, epilepsy, brain tumor treatment, and stroke care, among others. In the departmental laboratories, studies of spinal biomechanics, neurodegenerative disorders, and microsurgical techniques are also underway. We are trying to improve the treatments available for our neurosurgical patients and neurological patients throughout the world. http://health.usf.edu/medicine/neurosurgery/index.htm

The mission of the Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair is to develop new therapeutic strategies to promote repair and regeneration of aging and diseased brain. Building on a foundation of excellence in basic and clinical research, the center focuses on translating innovative ideas into industrial partnerships and educational and clinical services to address key needs of the community and those suffering from brain injury and disease. http://health.usf.edu/nocms/medicine/neurosurgery/ceabr/

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USF researchers find far-reaching, microvascular damage in uninjured side of brain after stroke

Public release date: 20-May-2013
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Contact: Anne DeLotto Baier
abaier@health.usf.edu
813-974-3303
University of South Florida (USF Health)